Dollar Weakens Ahead of Fed Rate Cut Decision

The U.S. dollar hovered near multi-year lows on Wednesday as traders braced for an expected Federal Reserve interest rate cut. Markets have fully priced in a 25-basis-point reduction, shifting focus to Chair Jerome Powell’s comments for clues on the pace of future monetary easing. Investors currently anticipate nearly 68 basis points of cuts by year-end.

The euro traded at $1.1858, close to its four-year peak, while sterling held firm at $1.3649 near recent highs. The dollar index, measuring the greenback against six major currencies, stood at 96.686, its weakest level since July. The Japanese yen strengthened to 146.22 per dollar, marking a one-month high ahead of the Bank of Japan’s policy meeting, where no rate changes are expected.

Analysts note that only a surprise 50-basis-point cut or markedly hawkish or dovish remarks from Powell could trigger significant market volatility. ING economists said a 25-bp cut leaves room for dovish guidance, while a 50-bp move would dominate market impact regardless of Powell’s tone.

Political tensions added to uncertainty. The Fed meeting began with new challenges as President Trump pushed for changes to the central bank and attempted to remove a policymaker, while a federal appeals court allowed Governor Lisa Cook to retain her role.

Market experts expect Powell to highlight risks to the labor market and signal readiness for further easing if conditions weaken. Analysts at IG predict potential follow-up cuts in October and December, limiting any short-term “buy the rumor, sell the fact” market reaction.

Meanwhile, U.S. retail sales rose more than expected in August, supported by consumer spending. However, a softening labor market and higher prices from tariffs could dampen momentum. In Japan, political uncertainty ahead of the October 4 Liberal Democratic Party leadership vote is also keeping investors cautious.