Taiwan is challenging Beijing’s portrayal of World War Two history after Chinese President Xi Jinping and U.S. President Donald Trump emphasized the wartime partnership between China and the United States during Xi’s state visit to Washington.
Taipei is concerned that Beijing is seeking to associate the People’s Republic of China with the wartime alliance, even though the Republic of China was the internationally recognized Chinese government during the conflict. The Communist-led People’s Republic was established in 1949 after the Republic of China government retreated to Taiwan following its defeat in the Chinese civil war.
At Thursday’s White House state dinner, Trump and Xi highlighted U.S.-China cooperation against Japan during World War Two. Trump specifically referenced American pilots who served with the Flying Tigers, while Xi emphasized the historical bonds between the two countries.
Taiwanese officials argue that Beijing is attempting to reshape that history. Mainland Affairs Council Deputy Minister Shen Yu-chung said Taiwan would continue communicating with Washington to ensure U.S. officials understand that the Republic of China, rather than the People’s Republic of China, was America’s wartime ally.
The historical dispute carries broader implications for Taiwan-U.S.-China relations. Beijing claims Taiwan as part of its territory, while Taiwan’s government maintains that the two sides are not subordinate to each other and that Taiwan’s future should be determined democratically by its people.
The issue is also politically complicated within Taiwan. The ruling Democratic Progressive Party emphasizes a distinct Taiwanese identity, while the opposition Kuomintang traces its history to the Republic of China government that fought Japan during World War Two.
Taiwanese officials and academics say Beijing has devoted substantial resources to promoting its interpretation of wartime history internationally. The debate has gained renewed attention following the Trump-Xi summit, where historical cooperation was used to underscore improving ties between Washington and Beijing.


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