Neuralink Expands Brain Implant Trials with 12 Global Patients 
Ancient Mars may have had a carbon cycle − a new study suggests the red planet may have once been warmer, wetter and more favorable for life 
Is space worth the cost? Accounting experts say its value can’t be found in spreadsheets 
NASA and SpaceX Target Crew-11 Undocking From ISS Amid Medical Concern 
Tabletop particle accelerator could transform medicine and materials science 
FDA Adds Fatal Risk Warning to J&J and Legend Biotech’s Carvykti Cancer Therapy 
Neuren Pharmaceuticals Surges on U.S. Patent Win for Rare Disorder Drug 
SpaceX’s Starship Completes 11th Test Flight, Paving Way for Moon and Mars Missions 
Cogent Biosciences Soars 120% on Breakthrough Phase 3 Results for Bezuclastinib in GIST Treatment 
Trump Administration to Launch Autism Initiatives Targeting Acetaminophen Use and New Treatment Options 
Blue Origin’s New Glenn Achieves Breakthrough Success With First NASA Mission 
SpaceX Starship Explodes in Texas During Test, Citing Nitrogen Tank Failure 
NASA Astronauts Wilmore and Williams Recover After Boeing Starliner Delay 
Another major development in the science of finding a cure for cancer was reported recently. A group of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania revealed their findings centered on the tumors’ self-destructive quality that can be exploited in finding a way to treat cancer.
Alternative approach to stop tumor growth
The MYC gene is known for its role in normal cell growth. But when affected by cancer, MYC activates a chain reaction leading to the fast growth of tumors. Scientists have been directing various studies that aim to specifically attack MYC, though this goal has proven to be very difficult to carry out.
In the study published by UPenn researchers on the Nature Cell Biology journal on Monday, they shed light on other ways to stop the said chain reaction aside from directly attacking MYC. In doing so, they found a pathway they consider to be MYC’s Achilles’ heel. This approach mainly involves a protein called ATF4.
One of the steps identified is controlled by the kinase called PERK that activates ATF4. But researchers found that targeting PERK along does not always affect MYC because of a second kinase called GCN2. These two enzymes have parallel functions in the entire process.
“What we've learned is that we need to go further downstream to block tumor growth in a way that cancer cells can't easily escape, and our study identifies the target to do just that,” co-senior author Dr. Constantinos Koumenis explained. This led them to the approach of directly targeting ATF4 since it is identified as the converging point for both PERK and GCN2.
Targeting ATF4 blocks tumor growth on cells and mice
Aside from being the converging point of PERK and GCN2, the scientists learned that ATF4 activates the genes MYC needs for growth and regulates the rate of the production of the 4E-BP protein. When ATF4 in cells and mice is targeted, there is no control in the production of the said protein resulting in stress and ultimately leading to the death of tumor cells.
Tests show that tumors stopped growing on mice with lymphoma and colorectal cancer. The same over-expression of 4E-BP and ATF4 was also observed in human cells. This increases the chance of replicating the said result on mice when the same approach is applied to humans, thereby, sparking hopes in developing improved cancer treatments.
